Silver nanoparticles in nanomedicine: Synthesis, biomedical applications and safety considerations

Abdullah, Hend Diaa; Ramadan, Abd Elhakim; Gamal, Rawda Mofed; Helmy, Esraa Mohammad; Alsaadany, Asmaa Mohammed; Khedr, Omnia Emad; Tawfeek, Aya Elgaraihy; Hegazy, Basma Elsayed; Elzoghbi, Basant Khalid; Elsherbiny, Radwa Yasser; Ahmed, Rana ElSebaey; Mosa, Sahar Tawakul; Abdellateef, Sohair Adel; Elsayed, Faten Mohsen; Nasser, Marwa Akram; Elsharkawy, Menna Mansour; Ahmed, Nada Saad; Glala, Nada Saad; Mohamed, Noran Ayman; Youns, Norhan Elsayed; Metwally, Nourhan Abdelkader; Mohamed, Haidy Hany; Mohamed, Hend Ayman; Abdullah, Islam Kamal

doi:10.21608/odr.2025.379922.1049

Silver nanoparticles in nanomedicine: Synthesis, biomedical applications and safety considerations

Document Type : Review Articles

Authors

23 December street

10.21608/odr.2025.379922.1049

Abstract

Silver nanoparticles have emerged as a crucial component in nanomedicine due to their unique physicochemical properties and broad therapeutic potential. This review focuses on the chemical synthesis and the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using eco-friendly biological methods, such as plant extracts, microbial processes, and biopolymer-assisted and enzyme-assisted synthesis. The green synthesis approaches offer sustainable alternatives to traditional chemical methods while ensuring biocompatibility and minimizing toxicity. The review highlights the diverse biomedical applications of silver nanoparticles, particularly their antibacterial, antibiofilm, anticancer, antifungal, and antiviral properties. Furthermore, silver nanoparticles demonstrate potential in the management of diabetes, osteomyelitis, and vector control (malaria). Despite these advantages, concerns regarding the potential toxicity and long-term accumulation in the body. Studies indicate possible neurotoxic effects, cytotoxicity, and off-target toxicity. The review highlights the necessity for refined synthesis techniques, specific applications, and comprehensive clinical research to guarantee the safe and effective use of it in the medical and industrial sectors.

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